None of the diagrams were able to be copied onto the blog - so you will have to refer back to your copy on My Uni for the pics.
SECTION A Each question is worth 1 mark
SECTION A Each question is worth 1 mark
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – circle the correct answer
1. What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
A tropomyosin is the name of a contracting unit.
B tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
C tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.
D tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.
2. Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?
A skeletal
B cardiac
C smooth
D no muscle can regenerate
3. What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
A sarcoplasmic reticulum
B mitochondria
C intermediate filament network
D myofibrillar network
4. What does oxygen deficit represent?
A amount of energy needed for exertion
B the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used
C the amount of oxygen taken into the body prior to the exertion
D the amount of oxygen taken into the body immediately after the exertion
5. The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to .
A make and store phosphocreatine
B synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
C provide a source of myosin for the contraction process
D regulate intracellular calcium concentration
6. What produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell?
A a difference in the thickness of the sarcolemma
B the arrangement of myofilaments
C the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D the T tubules
7. Which of the following are composed of myosin?
A thick filaments
B thin filaments
C all myofilaments
D Z discs
8. During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
A myosin filaments
B actin filaments
C Z discs
D thick filaments
9. Rigor mortis occurs because .
A the cells are dead
B sodium ions leak out of the muscle
C no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
D proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions
10. The term aponeurosis refers to .
A the bands of myofibrils
B a sheet-like indirect attachment to a skeletal element
C the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D the tropomyosin-troponin complex
11 The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
A spongy bone
B irregular bone
C compact bone
D trabecular bone
12. Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
A fat
B blood-forming cells
C elastic tissue
D Sharpey's fibers
13. What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
A elastic connective tissue
B dense fibrous connective tissue
C fibrocartilage
D hyaline cartilage
14. Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?
A lacunae
B Haversian system
C epiphyseal plate
D epiphyseal line
15. The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called:
A Volkmann's canals
B a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
C perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
D the struts of bone known as spicules
16. Wolff's law is concerned with ________.
A vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
B the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
C the function of bone being dependent on shape
D the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
17. Spongy bone is made up of a framework called ________.
A osteons
B lamellar bone
C trabeculae
D osseous lamellae
18. Which muscle can be made more prominent by turning the patient’s head to the side?
A Masseter
B Trapezius
C Platysma
D Sternocleidomastoid
19. Which of the following muscles in a prime mover in depression (opening) of the mandible?
A Stylohyoid
B Medial Pterygoid
C Trapezius
D Mylohyoid
20. Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the TMJ?
A Temporomandibular Ligament
B Stylohyoid Ligament
C Stylomandibular Ligament
D Sphenomandibular Ligament.
21. Which of the following muscles in a prime mover in lateral movement of the mandible?
A Buccinator
B Medial Pterygoid
C Lateral Pterygoid
D Masseter.
22. Which of the following muscles, when contacted, raises the lower lip, making scaling in the lower mandibular areas very difficult?
A Mentalis
B Orbicularis Oculi
C Geniohyoid
D Mylohyoid.
23. Which anatomical feature of the TMJ secretes synovial fluid?
A Condyle
B Articular Disc
C) Synovial membrane lining the joint capsule
D) Articular cartilage
24. Which of the following muscle groups are the most highly toned?
A Facial Expression
B Hyoid groups
C Mastication
D Cervial (neck)
25. Which of the following muscles forms the floor of the oral cavity?
A Buccinator
B Orbicularis Oculi
C Depressor Labii Inferioris
D Mylohyoid.
True/False Questions - clearly circle either TRUE or FALSE to indicate your answer
26. Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. TRUE/FALSE
27. Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone. TRUE/FALSE
28. Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.
TRUE/FALSE
29. The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels. TRUE/FALSE
30. Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light. TRUE/FALSE
31. The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.
TRUE/FALSE
32. In infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow. TRUE/FALSE
33. Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.
TRUE/FALSE
34. All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones.
TRUE/FALSE
35. The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.
TRUE/FALSE
I'll give it a go :)
ReplyDelete1) B - tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
2) A - skeletal ?? Only a guess but My reason is these are the most used muscle And therefore need to be able to regernerate at a greater rate??
3) A - Sarcoplasmic reticulum functions as the calcium storage in the skeletal muscle cell
4) B - oxygen deficit = the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity & the amount actually used
5) D - the major function of the SR in muscle contraction is to regulate the intracellular calcium concentration
6) B - striations are due to the arrangement of the myofilaments ?
7) A - thick filaments are composed of myosin
8) B - during muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to actin filaments
Your answer to question 2 is "none"
DeleteSkeletal muscle cells can not divide and regenerate, they can repair by depositing more myofilaments, or thickening the CT sheaths. If a muscle fibre dies, the surrounding muscle fibres increase in size to compensate for the loss.
Hope this helps.
Sophie
Thank you Sophie!
DeleteWhat about Q6? I was unsure if it is the arrangement of the myofilaments that make the striated appearance?
Correct!
Delete2 )is smooth muscle.
ReplyDelete9. C - no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
10. B - a sheet like indirect attachment to a skeletal muscle
11. A- spongy bone
12. A. Fat
13. D- hyaline cartilage
14. Epiphyseal plate - c
15. C. - sharpies fibers
16. B- the thinness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
17. C. Trabeculae
Is 9 A - because the cells are dead??
ReplyDeletePretty sure... And the smooth muscle regeneration is something to do with the mononucleus being able to divide easily and the cells found in smooth muscle, I would guess also that there are lots of ligaments and tendons in skeletal muscle that are avascular that could be damaged also. and it would be difficult to heal something moving alot. Smooth muscles are involved in more gental movement... That's my guess
ReplyDeleteWell done girls.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteYeah I thought smooth muscle as well, if you think about where they are located it sort of just made sense. They also feature one nucleus per cell so can undergo division more readily. However i'm unsure :)
Delete18 - D - the SCM (remember Angelina Jolie!)
ReplyDelete19 - D - mylohyoid
20 - B - stylohyoid
21 - C - lateral ptyerygoid
22 - A - mentalis
23 - C - synovial membrane of the capsule
24 - D - cervical (neck)
25 - D - mylohyoid
So yes rigor mortis occurs because the cell is dead?? Q9? I've read 3 texts and that is basically what they say...
ReplyDeleteThat's the same answers I got :) so we can't be far off unless where both wrong. Yeah I read about rigor mortis too, and yeah everything I read the cell is dead
ReplyDeleteyes the whole body is dead..... but there is no more synthesis of ATP (because the cell is dead), therefore the myosin can not disconnect from the actin, therefore the muscle stays in a state of contraction, therefore the whole body becomes rigid.
DeleteSo answer is C.
26. T
ReplyDelete27. F
28 f
29. F
30. F
31. T
32. F
33. T
34. F
35. T
I got the same answers as you Cassie =)
Delete1.B
ReplyDelete2.C
3.A
4.B
5.D
6.B
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.B
11.A
12.A
13.D
14.C
15.C
16.B
17.C
18.D
19.D
20.B
21.C
22.A
23.C
24.D
25.D
26. TRUE
27. FALSE
28. FALSE
29. FALSE
30. FALSE
31. TRUE
32. FALSE
33. TRUE?
34. FALSE
35. TRUE
=) basically what you girls both got! Hooray
This comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteGood to see how well some of the class is using the Blog. I think that Angelina Jolie has now gone down into Human Biology folklore as the queen of the SCM!
ReplyDeleteI really like the way you are working together to work out some of the more challenging problems. Keep up the good work
1B
ReplyDelete2C
3A
4B
5D
6B7A
8B
9C
10B
11C
12A
13D
14C
15C
16B
17C
18D
19B - I wasnt sure because the medial pterygoid elevates the mandible, the trapezius has no involvement with the mandible, the stylohyoid and mylohyoid are involved in the suprahyoid group and have no contact with the mandible.
20B
21C
22A
23C
24D
25D
Thanks for your answers.
DeleteMine were almost identical to yours Veronica, but had to check with google for some of them because i wasn’t sure. So much to know!!!
So hellpful.
ReplyDeleteThe next questions weren't up on here but I got...
Endostuem - the lining of the marrow cavity
Canaliculi - small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone
Osteoblasts - cells that can build bony matrix
Osteoclasts - cells that can dissolve bony matrix
Lamellae - layers of bony matrix
Better late than never!